A monument now stands in memory of the first astronauts to die in their spacecraft, 55 years after a fire on the launchpad claimed their lives.
Family members of the fallen Apollo 1 crew came together with NASA officials, space industry leaders and members of the space community to dedicate the new monument during a ceremony (opens in new tab) held Thursday (June 2) at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. The memorial is located near the graves of two of the three Apollo 1 astronauts in Section 3 of the cemetery.
“Today, we joined our space community to honor and commemorate the crew of Apollo 1 — Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee,” NASA Administrator Bill Nelson wrote on Twitter (opens in new tab). “The new Apollo 1 monument at Arlington National Cemetery signifies the importance of these individuals and recognizes the crew’s legacy in space exploration and American history.”
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Nelson was joined by Eric Fanning, president and chief executive officer of the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), and Lance Bush, president and chief executive officer of the Challenger Center for Space Science Education in delivering remarks during the dedication. Lowell Grissom, Virgil “Gus” Grissom’s brother, and Sheryl Chaffee, the daughter of Roger Chaffee, laid flowers with members of Ed White’s family before speaking at a reception held at the nearby Military Women’s Memorial.
On Jan. 27, 1967, Grissom, White and Chaffee climbed aboard their spacecraft, the Apollo 204 command module, for a pre-launch “plugs-out” test (opens in new tab) on top of their Saturn IB rocket. A post-fire investigation found it likely that a spark from a faulty wire ignited the pure-oxygen atmosphere, engulfing the capsule in flames, which led to the three men’s deaths.
Although other astronauts had died earlier in aircraft and automobile accidents, the Apollo 1 fire marked the first time that the U.S. space program suffered a fatal tragedy as part of its active spaceflight efforts.
Grissom and Chaffee were interred at Arlington. Ed White was buried at the Military Academy at West Point in New York.
The new stone monument is engraved with the Apollo 1 mission patch and reads, “In Memory of the Apollo 1 Crew, Ad Astra Per Aspera” (the latter Latin for “Through Hardships to the Stars”). The crew’s names and mission roles appear above the date of their death.
A memorial to the Apollo 1 crew was first proposed in Congress (opens in new tab) in 2016 by Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX), then ranking member (and now chairwoman) of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Johnson originally introduced the idea for the monument in a dedicated bill, but after it failed to reach a vote, she resubmitted the “Apollo 1 Memorial Act” as an amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act. The act was signed into law in December of that year.
The legislation as enacted did not allocate funds to build or erect the monument. Instead, the act directed that the monument be privately financed, which led to the involvement of the AIA, which represents 300 members of the aerospace and defense industry.
The Apollo program: How NASA sent astronauts to the moon
With its installation, the Apollo 1 monument now joins the memorials at Arlington for NASA’s two subsequent human spaceflight tragedies. The monuments for the STS-51L Challenger and STS-107 Columbia astronauts were dedicated in 1987 and 2004, one year after they were lost.
The Apollo 1 crew is also memorialized on the Space Mirror Memorial at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, where the hatch from their command module (opens in new tab) is on nearby display. Craters on the moon and hills on Mars have also been named for Grissom, White and Chaffee.
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